NAD+ Decline With Age: The Evidence and Its Limits
Three human datasets, three different compartments, and one isotope-tracing study in mice showing that a smaller NAD pool does not mean a failing synthetic pathway.
Glycation and Advanced Glycation End Products
The chemistry that browns food also runs inside long-lived proteins. What differs is the instrument used to count it – and antibody assays and mass spectrometry do not report the same quantity.
Autophagy: The Recycling Pathway Behind Fasting Research
Ohsumi mapped the ATG genes because yeast lets you block digestion and look down a microscope. Human fasting research has neither move available, which is why the flux data are thin and contested.
The Biology of Ageing: Hallmarks, Chemistry and What the Evidence Supports
The hallmarks framework grew from nine categories in 2013 to twelve in 2023 without a single new cell being discovered. This guide separates the replicated results from the associations, with every number taken from the cited paper.