{"id":11862,"date":"2026-11-02T07:09:29","date_gmt":"2026-11-02T07:09:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nonsensia.pl\/?p=11862"},"modified":"2026-10-21T07:56:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T07:56:53","slug":"difference-between-99-and-99-9-percent-purity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nonsensia.pl\/ro\/2026\/11\/02\/difference-between-99-and-99-9-percent-purity\/","title":{"rendered":"Diferen\u021ba dintre 99% \u0219i 99,9% nu este de 0,9%"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Sc\u0103z\u00e2nd 99,0 din 99,9 se ob\u021bine 0,9. Aritmetica este corect\u0103 \u0219i aproape complet inutil\u0103, deoarece m\u0103rimea informativ\u0103 nu este cifra afi\u0219at\u0103, ci restul. Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 de fapt o puritate de 99% \u00eentr-un gram de material? \u00censeamn\u0103 10 mg din ceva ce nu este compusul numit. La 99,9% \u00eenseamn\u0103 1 mg. Restul nu s-a redus cu 0,9%; s-a redus de zece ori, iar \u00eentrebarea privind compozi\u021bia acestui rest conteaz\u0103 mai mult dec\u00e2t oricare dintre cele dou\u0103 cifre.<\/p>\n<p>Dou\u0103 loturi pot avea aceea\u0219i valoare a purit\u0103\u021bii \u0219i se pot comporta diferit. Dou\u0103 laboratoare pot m\u0103sura acela\u0219i flacon \u0219i pot raporta valori diferite f\u0103r\u0103 ca vreunul s\u0103 gre\u0219easc\u0103. Ambele fapte decurg din aceea\u0219i surs\u0103: o valoare a purit\u0103\u021bii este rezumatul unei anumite m\u0103sur\u0103tori, nu o proprietate a pulberii.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 de fapt o puritate de 99% \u0219i ce nu \u00eenseamn\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>O puritate procentual\u0103 este un raport, iar un raport necesit\u0103 un num\u0103r\u0103tor \u0219i un numitor alese de cineva. Cele trei alegeri cele mai frecvente dau trei r\u0103spunsuri diferite.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Normalizarea ariilor<\/strong> &mdash; aria picului principal \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bit\u0103 la aria total\u0103 integrat\u0103 a unei cromatograme. Presupune c\u0103 fiecare component r\u0103spunde identic la detector \u0219i nu poate vedea nimic din ceea ce detectorul nu percepe.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dozare fa\u021b\u0103 de un standard<\/strong> &mdash; r\u0103spunsul probei comparat cu un material de referin\u021b\u0103 caracterizat, cu con\u021binut cunoscut. Aceasta ofer\u0103 frac\u021bia masic\u0103, dar preia incertitudinea standardului.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bilan\u021b masic<\/strong> &mdash; o sut\u0103 la sut\u0103 minus fiecare clas\u0103 de impurit\u0103\u021bi m\u0103surat\u0103 separat: ap\u0103, solven\u021bi reziduali, reziduu anorganic, substan\u021be organice \u00eenrudite. Este metoda cea mai laborioas\u0103 \u0219i cea mai onest\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba propriilor lacune.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un 99,5% ob\u021binut prin normalizarea ariilor \u0219i un 99,5% ob\u021binut prin bilan\u021b masic nu sunt aceea\u0219i afirma\u021bie. Primul spune c\u0103 picul principal a dominat o cromatogram\u0103. Al doilea spune c\u0103 patru categorii de componente care nu sunt analitul au fost cuantificate \u0219i \u00eensumate.<\/p>\n<h2>De ce procentul de arie \u0219i procentul masic nu concord\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>R\u0103spunsul detectorului este specific fiec\u0103rui compus. O lucrare din 2025 publicat\u0103 \u00een <em>Analytical Chemistry<\/em> a formulat direct argumentul pentru profilarea impurit\u0103\u021bilor peptidice: impurit\u0103\u021bile rezultate din inser\u021bie, trunchiere, dezamidare, izomerizare \u0219i oxidare nu au r\u0103spunsuri egale cu cel al moleculei-p\u0103rinte, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t apar factori de r\u0103spuns relativi at\u00e2t peste, c\u00e2t \u0219i sub unu. Aplicarea unui factor de r\u0103spuns relativ implicit egal cu unu, noteaz\u0103 lucrarea, duce la supraestimare acolo unde factorul real este peste unu \u0219i la subestimare acolo unde este sub unu.<\/p>\n<p>M\u0103rimea acestei erori este m\u0103surabil\u0103. Un studiu din 2026 care a utilizat cromatografia de lichide cu detec\u021bie prin aerosoli \u00eenc\u0103rca\u021bi, un detector ales tocmai pentru c\u0103 r\u0103spunde la mas\u0103 \u0219i nu la cromofor, a raportat o abatere standard relativ\u0103 a factorului de r\u0103spuns relativ de 13% pentru nou\u0103sprezece toxine naturale din \u0219ase clase structurale, fa\u021b\u0103 de o valoare medie a factorului de r\u0103spuns relativ de 4,8% \u00een cadrul unei clase. Nici m\u0103car un detector conceput deliberat ca aproape universal nu este universal.<\/p>\n<p>Detec\u021bia \u00een ultraviolet este mai problematic\u0103 \u00eentr-un mod specific \u0219i previzibil. O molecul\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 cromofor \u00een domeniul de lungimi de und\u0103 monitorizat nu produce niciun pic. Contribu\u021bia sa la numitor este zero, ceea ce umfl\u0103 ponderea picului principal \u00een total. Impuritatea nu a disp\u0103rut; instrumentul nu a v\u0103zut-o niciodat\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce se afl\u0103 \u00een frac\u021bia r\u0103mas\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Ghidul ICH Q3A privind impurit\u0103\u021bile din substan\u021bele medicamentoase noi \u00eemparte restul \u00een trei categorii. Impurit\u0103\u021bile organice, ap\u0103rute \u00een timpul fabrica\u021biei sau al depozit\u0103rii, cuprind materiile prime, produsele secundare, intermediarii, produsele de degradare, precum \u0219i reactivii, liganzii \u0219i catalizatorii. Impurit\u0103\u021bile anorganice cuprind din nou reactivii, liganzii \u0219i catalizatorii, metalele grele sau alte metale reziduale, s\u0103rurile anorganice \u0219i alte materiale, cum ar fi adjuvan\u021bii de filtrare \u0219i c\u0103rbunele. Solven\u021bii reziduali formeaz\u0103 a treia categorie.<\/p>\n<p>Aceast\u0103 list\u0103 este motivul pentru care o singur\u0103 valoare cromatografic\u0103 nu poate \u00eenchide problema. Un gradient \u00een faz\u0103 invers\u0103 cu detec\u021bie \u00een ultraviolet acoper\u0103 o parte din prima categorie \u0219i nimic din celelalte dou\u0103. Apa \u00eei este invizibil\u0103. Paladiul \u00eei este invizibil. Metanolul rezidual, lipsit de un cromofor util \u0219i eluat f\u0103r\u0103 reten\u021bie, \u00eei este invizibil.<\/p>\n<p>Lucr\u0103rile de certificare publicate arat\u0103 c\u00e2t de mare poate fi frac\u021bia nev\u0103zut\u0103. Un studiu din 2025 care a atribuit o puritate certificat\u0103 L-tiroxinei a utilizat bilan\u021bul masic al\u0103turi de rezonan\u021ba magnetic\u0103 nuclear\u0103 cantitativ\u0103, cuantific\u00e2nd impurit\u0103\u021bile prin titrare coulometric\u0103 Karl Fischer, cromatografie ionic\u0103, cromatografie de gaze&ndash;spectrometrie de mas\u0103 \u0219i spectrometrie de mas\u0103 cu plasm\u0103 cuplat\u0103 inductiv. Au fost separate zece impurit\u0103\u021bi organice \u00eenrudite structural \u0219i cinci au fost cuantificate. Cea mai mare impuritate nu a fost niciuna dintre ele: a fost apa, la 3,563%. Valoarea certificat\u0103 a rezultat de 94,90%, cu o incertitudine extins\u0103 de 0,34%.<\/p>\n<h2>De ce dou\u0103 valori pot fi imposibil de deosebit<\/h2>\n<p>Valorile certificate sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de un interval. Certificatul NIST pentru un standard de D-glucoz\u0103 indic\u0103 99,6 &plusmn; 0,3% ca frac\u021bie masic\u0103, intervalul acoperind m\u0103surandul cu un nivel de \u00eencredere de aproximativ 95%. Acest interval se \u00eentinde de la 99,3 la 99,9. Un al doilea material certificat la 99,8 &plusmn; 0,3% s-ar suprapune aproape complet cu el \u0219i nicio compara\u021bie \u00eentre cele dou\u0103 cifre afi\u0219ate nu ar avea sens.<\/p>\n<p>Cele mai multe valori de rutin\u0103 ale purit\u0103\u021bii nu sunt \u00eenso\u021bite de niciun interval. Dou\u0103 astfel de valori provenite de la laboratoare diferite, ob\u021binute prin metode diferite pe loturi diferite, nu pot fi sc\u0103zute una din cealalt\u0103 \u0219i tratate ca o diferen\u021b\u0103. Intervalul dintre 99% \u0219i 99,9% rezist\u0103 acestei obiec\u021bii, deoarece o diferen\u021b\u0103 de zece ori a restului dep\u0103\u0219e\u0219te orice dispersie plauzibil\u0103 a metodelor. Intervalul dintre 99,5% \u0219i 99,7% adesea nu rezist\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Acela\u0219i certificat de glucoz\u0103 ilustreaz\u0103 c\u00e2t de \u00eengust\u0103 este de fapt declara\u021bia certificat\u0103. Umiditatea este raportat\u0103 ca mai mic\u0103 de 0,06 la sut\u0103, iar con\u021binutul anorganic nevolatil, m\u0103surat ca reziduu de cenu\u0219\u0103, ca mai mic de 0,02 la sut\u0103. Aceste cifre exist\u0103 pentru c\u0103 frac\u021bia de mas\u0103 singur\u0103 nu ar fi spus nim\u0103nui dac\u0103 restul era ap\u0103 sau oxid metalic.<\/p>\n<h2>Ordinul de m\u0103rime \u00een bugetul de impurit\u0103\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>Pragurile de reglementare plaseaz\u0103 diferen\u021ba pe o scar\u0103. ICH Q3A stabile\u0219te praguri care variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de doza zilnic\u0103 maxim\u0103 a unei substan\u021be; \u00een banda dozelor mai mici, o impuritate peste 0,05% este raportat\u0103, una peste 0,10% este identificat\u0103, iar una peste 0,15% este calificat\u0103, ultimele dou\u0103 fiind plafonate \u0219i \u00een aport zilnic absolut atunci c\u00e2nd acest plafon este cel mai restrictiv dintre cele dou\u0103. Ghidul define\u0219te, de asemenea, o impuritate neidentificat\u0103 ca fiind una a c\u0103rei structur\u0103 nu a fost stabilit\u0103 \u0219i care este definit\u0103 exclusiv prin propriet\u0103\u021bi analitice calitative, cum ar fi timpul de reten\u021bie cromatografic.<\/p>\n<p>Compara\u021bi aceste praguri cu cele dou\u0103 resturi. Un rest de 1% poate cuprinde dou\u0103zeci de componente separate, fiecare aflat\u0103 exact la pragul de raportare, sau \u0219ase componente, fiecare la pragul de calificare. Un rest de 0,1% cuprinde dou\u0103 la pragul de raportare \u0219i niciunul la pragul de calificare. Trecerea de la 99% la 99,9% nu reduce doar o cantitate; ea scoate \u00eentregul rest din domeniul \u00een care componentele individuale necesit\u0103 identificare structural\u0103.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>\u00centrebare<\/th>\n<th>La 99,0%<\/th>\n<th>La 99,9%<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Masa componentelor care nu sunt analitul \u00eentr-un gram<\/td>\n<td>10 mg<\/td>\n<td>1 mg<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Componente posibile la 0,05% fiecare<\/td>\n<td>P\u00e2n\u0103 la dou\u0103zeci<\/td>\n<td>P\u00e2n\u0103 la dou\u0103<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Componente posibile la 0,15% fiecare<\/td>\n<td>P\u00e2n\u0103 la \u0219ase<\/td>\n<td>Niciunul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Probabilitatea ca o impuritate individual\u0103 s\u0103 necesite identificare<\/td>\n<td>Ridicat<\/td>\n<td>Sc\u0103zut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Efectul unei singure impurit\u0103\u021bi necromoforice nedetectate<\/td>\n<td>Eroare relativ\u0103 modest\u0103<\/td>\n<td>Poate domina restul<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<p>Ultimul r\u00e2nd este cel care conteaz\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat. La 99,9%, o singur\u0103 impuritate pe care dozarea nu o poate vedea nu este o eroare de rotunjire \u00een rest &mdash; poate reprezenta cea mai mare parte a acestuia.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce aduc bilan\u021bul masic \u0219i metodele ortogonale<\/h2>\n<p>R\u0103spunsul metrologic la dependen\u021ba de metod\u0103 este evitarea baz\u0103rii pe o singur\u0103 metod\u0103. O certificare din 2025 a unor standarde interne pentru NMR cantitativ, efectuat\u0103 la un institut na\u021bional de metrologie, a comparat bilan\u021bul masic, NMR cantitativ, sc\u0103derea punctului de congelare \u0219i coulometria, atribuind deliberat valorile certificate pe c\u0103i independente de NMR, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t lan\u021bul de trasabilitate s\u0103 nu se sprijine pe tehnica pe care materialele urmau s\u0103 o sus\u021bin\u0103. Purit\u0103\u021bile ob\u021binute au dep\u0103\u0219it 999,8 miligrame pe gram, cu incertitudini \u00eentre 0,6 \u0219i 3 miligrame pe gram la un factor de acoperire de doi.<\/p>\n<p>Un material de referin\u021b\u0103 pentru puritate din 2025, esterul metilic al acidului gama-linolenic, a urmat aceea\u0219i logic\u0103 la un nivel mai sc\u0103zut, determin\u00e2nd puritatea prin bilan\u021b masic \u0219i valid\u00e2nd-o prin NMR cantitativ, cu o valoare certificat\u0103 de 98,9% \u0219i o incertitudine extins\u0103 de 0,4%. Incertitudinea a combinat contribu\u021bii din caracterizare, omogenitate \u0219i stabilitate &mdash; trei surse, dintre care niciuna nu apare pe o cromatogram\u0103 exprimat\u0103 \u00een procente de arie.<\/p>\n<p>Eroarea sistematic\u0103 datorat\u0103 factorului de r\u0103spuns a fost tratat\u0103 la fel din direc\u021bia opus\u0103. O lucrare din 2025 privind analiza substan\u021belor extractibile \u0219i levigabile a observat c\u0103 variabilitatea factorilor de r\u0103spuns complic\u0103 cuantificarea, c\u0103 un factor de incertitudine o corecteaz\u0103 doar par\u021bial \u0219i c\u0103 o abordare cu mai mul\u021bi detectori \u00eembun\u0103t\u0103\u021be\u0219te caracterizarea f\u0103r\u0103 a elimina complet eroarea sistematic\u0103. Prin urmare, interpretarea onest\u0103 a unei valori a purit\u0103\u021bii include \u00eentrebarea ce detector a produs-o.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n<h3>Este o puritate de 99,9% de zece ori mai mare dec\u00e2t una de 99%?<\/h3>\n<p>Nu \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te puritatea, dar \u00een ceea ce prive\u0219te restul, da. Un gram la 99,0% con\u021bine 10 mg de material care nu este compusul numit; la 99,9% con\u021bine 1 mg. Cifrele afi\u0219ate difer\u0103 cu 0,9 puncte procentuale, \u00een timp ce cantitatea a tot restului difer\u0103 de zece ori. Restul este m\u0103rimea informativ\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Care este diferen\u021ba dintre procentul de arie \u0219i procentul masic?<\/h3>\n<p>Procentul de arie este ponderea picului principal \u00een r\u0103spunsul total integrat al detectorului pe o cromatogram\u0103. Procentul masic este frac\u021bia din masa probei care reprezint\u0103 compusul numit. Ele coincid numai dac\u0103 fiecare component r\u0103spunde identic la detector \u0219i fiecare component este detectat. \u00cen mod normal, niciuna dintre aceste ipoteze nu este valabil\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t cele dou\u0103 valori difer\u0103 cu o cantitate imprevizibil\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>De ce au impurit\u0103\u021bile factori de r\u0103spuns diferi\u021bi \u00een HPLC?<\/h3>\n<p>Deoarece r\u0103spunsul \u00een ultraviolet depinde de cromofor \u0219i de absorbtivitatea sa molar\u0103 la lungimea de und\u0103 monitorizat\u0103, care variaz\u0103 \u00een func\u021bie de structur\u0103. Lucr\u0103rile publicate privind impurit\u0103\u021bile peptidice raporteaz\u0103 factori de r\u0103spuns relativi at\u00e2t peste, c\u00e2t \u0219i sub unu pentru produsele de inser\u021bie, trunchiere, dezamidare, oxidare \u0219i izomerizare. Presupunerea unui factor egal cu unu supraestimeaz\u0103 unele impurit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i le subestimeaz\u0103 pe altele.<\/p>\n<h3>Include valoarea purit\u0103\u021bii determinat\u0103 prin HPLC apa \u0219i solven\u021bii reziduali?<\/h3>\n<p>De obicei, nu. Apa nu d\u0103 absorban\u021b\u0103 \u00een ultraviolet \u0219i este eluat\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 reten\u021bie, iar mul\u021bi solven\u021bi reziduali se comport\u0103 la fel. Determinarea lor necesit\u0103 tehnici separate: titrarea Karl Fischer pentru ap\u0103, cromatografia de gaze headspace pentru solven\u021bi \u0219i analiza elemental\u0103 pentru reziduul anorganic. O certificare a L-tiroxinei a constatat c\u0103 apa era cea mai mare impuritate a sa, la 3,563%.<\/p>\n<h3>Cum se atribuie puritatea prin bilan\u021b masic?<\/h3>\n<p>Prin m\u0103surarea separat\u0103 a fiec\u0103rei clase de impurit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i sc\u0103derea totalului din o sut\u0103 la sut\u0103. Clasele sunt apa, solven\u021bii reziduali, reziduul anorganic nevolatil \u0219i compu\u0219ii organici \u00eenrudi\u021bi structural, fiecare determinat printr-o tehnic\u0103 adecvat\u0103. Abordarea este laborioas\u0103, dar explicit\u0103 \u00een privin\u021ba propriei acoperiri, deoarece tot ce nu a fost m\u0103surat lipse\u0219te vizibil din sc\u0103dere.<\/p>\n<h3>De ce este \u00eenso\u021bit\u0103 o valoare certificat\u0103 a purit\u0103\u021bii de o incertitudine?<\/h3>\n<p>Deoarece valoarea certificat\u0103 combin\u0103 contribu\u021bii din caracterizare, omogenitatea lotului \u0219i stabilitate, iar fiecare contribuie la dispersie. Un standard de glucoz\u0103 NIST este certificat la 99,6 plus sau minus 0,3% frac\u021bie masic\u0103, un interval care acoper\u0103 m\u0103surandul cu un nivel de \u00eencredere de aproximativ 95%. Dou\u0103 valori certificate ale c\u0103ror intervale se suprapun nu pot fi ierarhizate una fa\u021b\u0103 de cealalt\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>C\u00e2te impurit\u0103\u021bi se pot afla sub un prag de raportare?<\/h3>\n<p>Aritmetic, un rest de 1% cuprinde dou\u0103zeci de componente la 0,05% fiecare, \u00een timp ce un rest de 0,1% cuprinde dou\u0103. De aceea, pasul de la 99% la 99,9% schimb\u0103 caracterul unui material, nu doar gradul s\u0103u: restul iese din domeniul \u00een care componentele individuale necesit\u0103 \u00een mod normal identificare structural\u0103.<\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Q3A%28R2%29%20Guideline.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ICH Q3A(R2) &mdash; impurit\u0103\u021bi \u00een substan\u021bele medicamentoase noi, clasificare \u0219i praguri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/71727\/download\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">US Food and Drug Administration &mdash; ghidul Q3A, lectur\u0103 independent\u0103 a acelora\u0219i tabele de clasificare \u0219i praguri<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acs.analchem.5c02149\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Analytical Chemistry, 2025 &mdash; factori de r\u0103spuns relativi \u00een evaluarea impurit\u0103\u021bilor din produsele terapeutice peptidice<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/acsmeasuresciau.6c00007\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ACS Measurement Science Au, 2026 &mdash; detec\u021bia prin aerosoli \u00eenc\u0103rca\u021bi \u0219i uniformitatea factorului de r\u0103spuns \u00een diferite clase de toxine<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules30132840\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Molecules, 2025 &mdash; material de referin\u021b\u0103 certificat de L-tiroxin\u0103 prin bilan\u021b masic \u0219i NMR cantitativ<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tsapps.nist.gov\/srmext\/certificates\/917d.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">NIST Standard Reference Material 917d &mdash; certificat de analiz\u0103 cu puritatea certificat\u0103, umiditatea \u0219i reziduul de calcinare<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-024-05671-5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2025 &mdash; certificarea standardelor interne qNMR prin metode primare ortogonale<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/fsn3.70354\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Food Science and Nutrition, 2025 &mdash; material de referin\u021b\u0103 certificat pentru puritate al esterului metilic al acidului gama-linolenic<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00216-025-05946-5\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2025 &mdash; factori de incertitudine \u0219i factori de r\u0103spuns relativi \u00een studiile privind substan\u021bele extractibile \u0219i levigabile<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"ns-disclaimer\"><strong>Numai pentru cercetare.<\/strong> Nonsensia furnizeaz\u0103 standarde de referin\u021b\u0103 analitice pentru aplica\u021bii de laborator \u0219i de cercetare. Acest articol este publicat \u00een scopuri \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i educa\u021bionale. Nu constituie un sfat medical, nu descrie nicio utilizare la om \u0219i nimic din cuprinsul s\u0103u nu trebuie interpretat ca o recomandare de a administra vreo substan\u021b\u0103 unei persoane sau unui animal.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sc\u0103derea lui 99,0 din 99,9 d\u0103 un r\u0103spuns corect din punct de vedere aritmetic \u0219i inutil din punct de vedere analitic. Restul se reduce de zece ori, iar ceea ce con\u021bine decide dac\u0103 cele dou\u0103 materiale sunt m\u0103car comparabile.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":514,"featured_media":11781,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[386],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11862","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-purity-quality-control"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What 99 Percent Purity Actually Means<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"In one gram, 99 percent leaves 10 mg of something else and 99.9 percent leaves 1 mg. 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