{"id":11738,"date":"2026-10-30T10:38:25","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T10:38:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nonsensia.pl\/?p=11738"},"modified":"2026-10-21T07:56:53","modified_gmt":"2026-10-21T07:56:53","slug":"hplc-purity-number-area-normalisation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/nonsensia.pl\/ro\/2026\/10\/30\/hplc-purity-number-area-normalisation\/","title":{"rendered":"Ce m\u0103soar\u0103 de fapt o valoare de puritate HPLC"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>O cromatogram\u0103 este o reprezentare a semnalului detectorului \u00een func\u021bie de timp. Nu este o reprezentare a masei \u00een func\u021bie de timp. Aproape orice ne\u00een\u021belegere privind puritatea se afl\u0103 \u00een distan\u021ba dintre aceste dou\u0103 propozi\u021bii.<\/p>\n<p>A\u0219adar, ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 o puritate HPLC de 99 la sut\u0103 atunci c\u00e2nd apare pe un certificat? \u00cen majoritatea cazurilor \u00eenseamn\u0103 exact un singur lucru: c\u0103 99 la sut\u0103 din aria total\u0103 integrat\u0103 a picurilor dintr-o singur\u0103 cromatogram\u0103, \u00eenregistrat\u0103 cu un singur detector la o singur\u0103 lungime de und\u0103, a apar\u021binut unui singur pic. Acesta este un raport de arii. Nu este, \u00een sine, o afirma\u021bie despre c\u00e2te miligrame din flacon reprezint\u0103 compusul pe care l-a\u021bi comandat.<\/p>\n<p>Cele dou\u0103 valori pot diverge \u00een ambele direc\u021bii, iar nimic de pe cromatogram\u0103 nu indic\u0103 \u00een ce sens.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 \u0219i ce nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 o puritate HPLC de 99 la sut\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Tehnica din spatele valorii este <strong>normalizarea ariilor<\/strong>. Fiecare pic din analiz\u0103 este integrat, ariile sunt \u00eensumate, iar fiecare pic este raportat ca procent din aceast\u0103 sum\u0103. Nu se c\u00e2nt\u0103re\u0219te niciun standard extern \u0219i nu se construie\u0219te nicio curb\u0103 de calibrare. Metoda este rapid\u0103, nu necesit\u0103 o prob\u0103 autentic\u0103 de impuritate \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 pentru compu\u0219i pe care nu i-a izolat nimeni.<\/p>\n<p>Ea se bazeaz\u0103 \u00eens\u0103 \u0219i pe trei ipoteze tacite:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>tot ce este prezent \u00een prob\u0103 p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te coloana \u00een timpul analizei;<\/li>\n<li>tot ce p\u0103r\u0103se\u0219te coloana produce un semnal \u00een detector;<\/li>\n<li>mase egale de compu\u0219i diferi\u021bi produc semnale egale.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Toate trei sunt aproxim\u0103ri. A treia e\u0219ueaz\u0103 cel mai des \u0219i e\u0219ueaz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 s\u0103 se observe.<\/p>\n<h2>De ce aria unui pic este un semnal al detectorului, nu o cantitate de substan\u021b\u0103<\/h2>\n<p>Un detector \u00een ultraviolet m\u0103soar\u0103 absorban\u021ba la o lungime de und\u0103 aleas\u0103. Absorban\u021ba depinde de structura electronic\u0103 a moleculei care trece prin celula de flux. Doi compu\u0219i prezen\u021bi \u00een concentra\u021bii identice vor da arii de pic identice numai dac\u0103 absorb identic la acea lungime de und\u0103, ceea ce este o coinciden\u021b\u0103, nu o regul\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Raportul dintre ele se nume\u0219te <strong>factorul de r\u0103spuns relativ<\/strong> (RRF). Un exemplu publicat face ordinul de m\u0103rime concret. \u00centr-un studiu de impurit\u0103\u021bi, cu metod\u0103 indicatoare de stabilitate, al antimalaricului lumefantrin\u0103, derivatul desbenzilceto (DBK) a fost cuantificat fa\u021b\u0103 de lumefantrin\u0103 la 266 nm, iar factorul s\u0103u de r\u0103spuns relativ a fost determinat experimental ca fiind 2,87 &#8211; raportul dintre aria picului compusului \u0219i aria picului lumefantrinei la aceea\u0219i concentra\u021bie. O mas\u0103 egal\u0103 de DBK genereaz\u0103 a\u0219adar un semnal de aproape trei ori mai mare. Citit\u0103 ca procent brut de arie, aceast\u0103 impuritate este supraestimat\u0103 de aproximativ trei ori.<\/p>\n<p>Autorit\u0103\u021bile de reglementare trateaz\u0103 aceasta ca pe o problem\u0103 cunoscut\u0103 \u0219i delimitat\u0103. Ghidul ICH privind validarea procedurilor analitice, Q2(R2), adoptat \u00een noiembrie 2023, prevede c\u0103, atunci c\u00e2nd un analit are un r\u0103spuns diferit de cel al materialului de referin\u021b\u0103 &#8211; de exemplu o absorban\u021b\u0103 UV specific\u0103 diferit\u0103 &#8211; factorii de r\u0103spuns relativi trebuie calcula\u021bi din raportul adecvat al r\u0103spunsurilor \u0219i c\u0103 <em>dac\u0103 factorul de r\u0103spuns relativ se afl\u0103 \u00een afara intervalului 0,8-1.2, atunci trebuie aplicat un factor de corec\u021bie<\/em>. Acela\u0219i pasaj adaug\u0103 o excep\u021bie gr\u0103itoare: dac\u0103 o impuritate sau un produs de degradare este supraestimat, poate fi acceptabil s\u0103 nu se aplice corec\u021bia. Asimetria este deliberat\u0103. Supraestimarea unei impurit\u0103\u021bi este conservatoare; subestimarea ei nu este.<\/p>\n<h2>Ce nu v\u0103 arat\u0103 niciodat\u0103 cromatograma<\/h2>\n<p>Normalizarea ariilor poate repartiza doar ceea ce a v\u0103zut detectorul. Mai multe clase \u00eentregi de materiale se afl\u0103, prin construc\u021bie, \u00een afara acestui set.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Compu\u0219i f\u0103r\u0103 cromofor.<\/strong> Atunci c\u00e2nd o substan\u021b\u0103 activ\u0103 sau unele dintre impurit\u0103\u021bile sale nu au un cromofor care absoarbe \u00een UV, acestea nu vor fi detectate \u00eentr-o analiz\u0103 HPLC de rutin\u0103 care utilizeaz\u0103 numai un detector UV \u0219i trebuie utilizat\u0103 o schem\u0103 de detec\u021bie alternativ\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Solven\u021bi reziduali.<\/strong> ICH Q3C(R9) afirm\u0103 explicit c\u0103 solven\u021bii reziduali se determin\u0103 de regul\u0103 prin tehnici cromatografice precum gaz-cromatografia. Ei fac obiectul unui test separat, de obicei prin GC headspace, \u0219i nu reprezint\u0103 un pic \u00een cromatograma dumneavoastr\u0103 de lichide.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ap\u0103.<\/strong> Titrarea Karl Fischer este calea standard pentru determinarea con\u021binutului de ap\u0103 \u00een substan\u021bele organice. Apa este \u00een general invizibil\u0103 pentru un detector UV \u0219i nu face parte dintr-o valoare de procent de arie.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Impurit\u0103\u021bi elementale.<\/strong> ICH Q3D(R2) cere ca, \u00een lipsa unei justific\u0103ri contrare, testul s\u0103 fie specific pentru fiecare impuritate elemental\u0103 identificat\u0103 pentru control, utiliz\u00e2nd proceduri farmacopeice sau proceduri alternative adecvate. Reziduurile de catalizator \u0219i metalele se m\u0103soar\u0103 prin tehnici precum ICP-MS, niciodat\u0103 prin integrarea picurilor.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Material care nu elueaz\u0103 niciodat\u0103.<\/strong> Substan\u021bele puternic re\u021binute sau insolubile nu contribuie deloc la arie \u0219i, prin urmare, nu pot ap\u0103rea la numitor.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Un rezultat de 99,5 la sut\u0103 arie este, prin urmare, o afirma\u021bie despre frac\u021biunea probei activ\u0103 \u00een UV \u0219i eluat\u0103 de pe coloan\u0103. Tot restul trebuie stabilit printr-o alt\u0103 m\u0103sur\u0103toare sau nu poate fi stabilit deloc.<\/p>\n<h2>Cum \u00eencadreaz\u0103 ICH Q3A valoarea pe care o citi\u021bi<\/h2>\n<p>Vocabularul utilizat pe majoritatea certificatelor \u00ee\u0219i are originea \u00een ICH Q3A(R2), <em>Impurities in New Drug Substances<\/em>, a c\u0103rui versiune actual\u0103 Step 4 este datat\u0103 25 octombrie 2006. Acesta define\u0219te trei praguri, legate de doza zilnic\u0103 maxim\u0103 a unui medicament: un <strong>prag de raportare<\/strong> peste care o impuritate trebuie raportat\u0103, un <strong>prag de identificare<\/strong> peste care aceasta trebuie identificat\u0103 structural \u0219i un <strong>prag de calificare<\/strong> peste care trebuie stabilit\u0103 siguran\u021ba sa biologic\u0103. Pentru o doz\u0103 zilnic\u0103 maxim\u0103 de 2 g\/zi sau mai pu\u021bin, ghidul le stabile\u0219te la 0,05 la sut\u0103, 0,10 la sut\u0103 (sau un aport de 1,0 mg pe zi, oricare este mai mic) \u0219i 0,15 la sut\u0103 (sau un aport de 1,0 mg pe zi, oricare este mai mic). Peste 2 g\/zi, ele se \u00een\u0103spresc la 0,03, 0,05 \u0219i 0,05 la sut\u0103.<\/p>\n<p>Dou\u0103 detalii din Q3A merit\u0103 citite cu aten\u021bie. \u00cen primul r\u00e2nd, ghidul accept\u0103 ca substan\u021ba activ\u0103 \u00eens\u0103\u0219i s\u0103 fie utilizat\u0103 ca standard pentru estimarea nivelurilor de impurit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i c\u0103, acolo unde factorii de r\u0103spuns nu sunt apropia\u021bi, acest lucru r\u0103m\u00e2ne adecvat cu condi\u021bia s\u0103 se aplice un factor de corec\u021bie sau ca impurit\u0103\u021bile s\u0103 fie de fapt supraestimate. \u00cen al doilea r\u00e2nd, arat\u0103 c\u0103 criteriile de acceptare \u0219i procedurile de estimare a impurit\u0103\u021bilor <em>se poate baza pe ipoteze analitice (de exemplu, r\u0103spuns echivalent al detectorului)<\/em>, \u0219i c\u0103 aceste ipoteze trebuie discutate \u00een cerere. Ghidul nu pretinde c\u0103 procentul de arie este egal cu procentul de mas\u0103. V\u0103 cere s\u0103 declara\u021bi explicit c\u0103 presupune\u021bi acest lucru.<\/p>\n<p>Aceste praguri se aplic\u0103 medicamentelor \u0219i sunt raportate la doza zilnic\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 nu se transfer\u0103 direct asupra unui reactiv de catalog. Ele r\u0103m\u00e2n \u00eens\u0103 cel mai util vocabular comun pentru a discuta ce afirm\u0103 un certificat.<\/p>\n<h2>Normalizarea ariilor versus bilan\u021bul masic: dou\u0103 \u00eentreb\u0103ri diferite<\/h2>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">Atunci c\u00e2nd o valoare de puritate trebuie s\u0103 aib\u0103 greutate metrologic\u0103, normalizarea ariilor este \u00eenlocuit\u0103 cu abordarea <strong>bilan\u021bului masic<\/strong>: fiecare clas\u0103 de impurit\u0103\u021bi este m\u0103surat\u0103 printr-o tehnic\u0103 adecvat\u0103, iar totalul se scade din 100 la sut\u0103. Un studiu din 2024 de atribuire a purit\u0103\u021bii fosfatului de tripropil descrie metoda ca una indirect\u0103, care m\u0103soar\u0103 separat con\u021binutul diferitelor tipuri de impurit\u0103\u021bi \u0219i le scade din 100 la sut\u0103, acoperind impurit\u0103\u021bile organice \u00eenrudite structural, apa, solven\u021bii organici reziduali \u0219i impurit\u0103\u021bile anorganice &#8211; \u00een acea lucrare prin cromatografie, titrare Karl Fischer, GC headspace cu detec\u021bie prin ionizare \u00een flac\u0103r\u0103 \u0219i, respectiv, ICP-MS.<\/p>\n<p>Bilan\u021bul masic are propria sl\u0103biciune: poate sc\u0103dea doar impurit\u0103\u021bile pe care cineva s-a g\u00e2ndit s\u0103 le caute. Acela\u0219i studiu \u00eel asociaz\u0103 cu NMR cantitativ, deoarece qNMR abordeaz\u0103 limitarea c\u0103 bilan\u021bul masic s-ar putea s\u0103 nu identifice toate impurit\u0103\u021bile.<\/p>\n<table>\n<tr>\n<th>Abordare<\/th>\n<th>\u00centrebarea la care r\u0103spunde<\/th>\n<th>Ipoteza cheie<\/th>\n<th>Tehnici tipice<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Normalizarea ariilor<\/td>\n<td>Ce frac\u021biune din semnalul detectat reprezint\u0103 picul principal?<\/td>\n<td>R\u0103spuns egal al detectorului pe unitatea de mas\u0103<\/td>\n<td>HPLC-UV, HPLC-DAD, GC-FID<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Dozare fa\u021b\u0103 de un standard<\/td>\n<td>C\u00e2t\u0103 substan\u021b\u0103 de analizat se afl\u0103 \u00een prob\u0103 raportat la o referin\u021b\u0103?<\/td>\n<td>Puritatea proprie a materialului de referin\u021b\u0103 este cunoscut\u0103<\/td>\n<td>HPLC cu standard extern sau intern<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Bilan\u021b masic<\/td>\n<td>Ce reprezint\u0103 tot ceea ce nu este analitul?<\/td>\n<td>Au fost c\u0103utate toate clasele de impurit\u0103\u021bi<\/td>\n<td>HPLC, Karl Fischer, GC-FID headspace, ICP-MS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NMR cantitativ<\/td>\n<td>Ce frac\u021biune masic\u0103 reprezint\u0103 analitul, m\u0103surat\u0103 direct?<\/td>\n<td>Semnale curate, integrabile \u0219i atribuibile<\/td>\n<td>qNMR 1H sau 31P fa\u021b\u0103 de un standard certificat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n<h2>Cum citi\u021bi un certificat de analiz\u0103 f\u0103r\u0103 a-i atribui mai mult dec\u00e2t spune<\/h2>\n<p>Cinci \u00eentreb\u0103ri separ\u0103 o valoare de puritate pe care o pute\u021bi utiliza de una pe care o pute\u021bi doar cita.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Metoda \u0219i detectorul.<\/strong> HPLC-UV, HPLC-CAD, GC-FID \u0219i qNMR r\u0103spund la \u00eentreb\u0103ri diferite \u0219i nu sunt interschimbabile.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Lungime de und\u0103.<\/strong> Un procent \u00eenregistrat la 254 nm \u0219i unul \u00eenregistrat la 210 nm pot descrie acela\u0219i flacon \u0219i pot fi \u00een dezacord.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Procent de arie sau dozare.<\/strong> Un procent de arie nu are o referin\u021b\u0103 extern\u0103; o dozare are. Numai una dintre ele este trasabil\u0103 la o mas\u0103.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Factorii de r\u0103spuns.<\/strong> Au fost determina\u021bi factorii RRF \u0219i au fost aplica\u021bi factori de corec\u021bie acolo unde ace\u0219tia s-au situat \u00een afara intervalului 0,8-1.2?<\/li>\n<li><strong>Testele separate.<\/strong> Apa, solven\u021bii reziduali \u0219i impurit\u0103\u021bile elementale necesit\u0103 fiecare propriul r\u00e2nd \u00een document.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Dou\u0103 loturi pot indica ambele 99,5 la sut\u0103 \u0219i pot diferi prin ceea ce con\u021bin restul de 0,5 la sut\u0103, c\u00e2t din acesta exist\u0103 cu adev\u0103rat \u0219i c\u00e2t nu a intrat niciodat\u0103 \u00een cromatogram\u0103. Pentru materialul utilizat ca <a href=\"https:\/\/nonsensia.pl\/ro\/rules\/\">referin\u021b\u0103 analitic\u0103 \u00een lucrul de laborator<\/a>, aceast\u0103 diferen\u021b\u0103 este \u00eensu\u0219i rostul documenta\u021biei.<\/p>\n<h2>\u00centreb\u0103ri frecvente<\/h2>\n<h3>Ce \u00eenseamn\u0103 de fapt o puritate de 99 la sut\u0103 prin HPLC?<\/h3>\n<p>De regul\u0103 \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 99 la sut\u0103 din aria total\u0103 integrat\u0103 a picurilor dintr-o cromatogram\u0103 a apar\u021binut picului principal. Este un raport al semnalului detectorului, nu al masei. Se aplic\u0103 numai substan\u021belor care au eluat de pe coloan\u0103 \u0219i au produs un r\u0103spuns \u00een detectorul utilizat, la lungimea de und\u0103 utilizat\u0103.<\/p>\n<h3>Este procentul de arie HPLC acela\u0219i lucru cu un rezultat de dozare?<\/h3>\n<p>Nu. Un procent de arie este intern unei singure cromatograme \u0219i nu utilizeaz\u0103 nicio referin\u021b\u0103 extern\u0103. O dozare compar\u0103 r\u0103spunsul analitului cu un material de referin\u021b\u0103 c\u00e2nt\u0103rit, cu con\u021binut cunoscut, ceea ce o face trasabil\u0103 la mas\u0103. Cele dou\u0103 valori sunt adesea diferite pentru aceea\u0219i prob\u0103 \u0219i r\u0103spund la \u00eentreb\u0103ri diferite.<\/p>\n<h3>Include o valoare de puritate HPLC apa \u0219i solven\u021bii reziduali?<\/h3>\n<p>\u00cen general, nu. Apa se determin\u0103 prin titrare Karl Fischer, iar ICH Q3C(R9) men\u021bioneaz\u0103 c\u0103 solven\u021bii reziduali se determin\u0103 de regul\u0103 prin tehnici cromatografice precum gaz-cromatografia. Niciuna nu apare ca pic integrat \u00eentr-o analiz\u0103 HPLC-UV de rutin\u0103 \u00een faz\u0103 invers\u0103, a\u0219a c\u0103 niciuna nu este sc\u0103zut\u0103 \u00eentr-o valoare de procent de arie.<\/p>\n<h3>Ce este un prag de raportare \u00een ICH Q3A?<\/h3>\n<p>ICH Q3A(R2) define\u0219te pragul de raportare ca o limit\u0103 peste care o impuritate trebuie raportat\u0103. Pentru o doz\u0103 zilnic\u0103 maxim\u0103 de 2 g\/zi sau mai pu\u021bin, acesta este stabilit la 0,05 la sut\u0103; peste 2 g\/zi se \u00een\u0103spre\u0219te la 0,03 la sut\u0103. Ghidul cere, de asemenea, ca limita de cuantificare a procedurii s\u0103 nu fie mai mare dec\u00e2t acest prag.<\/p>\n<h3>De ce pot avea dou\u0103 loturi cu aceea\u0219i puritate profiluri de impurit\u0103\u021bi diferite?<\/h3>\n<p>Pentru c\u0103 procentul de arie descrie un total, nu o compozi\u021bie. Sinteze, solven\u021bi \u0219i istorii de depozitare diferite genereaz\u0103 substan\u021be \u00eenrudite diferite, iar fiecare dintre acestea are propriul r\u0103spuns \u00een detector. Aceea\u0219i valoare principal\u0103 poate corespunde, prin urmare, unor substan\u021be diferite prezente \u00een cantit\u0103\u021bi reale diferite.<\/p>\n<h3>Poate HPLC s\u0103 detecteze fiecare impuritate dintr-o prob\u0103?<\/h3>\n<p>Nu. Compu\u0219ii f\u0103r\u0103 un cromofor care absoarbe \u00een UV nu sunt v\u0103zu\u021bi de un detector UV, impurit\u0103\u021bile anorganice \u0219i elementale necesit\u0103 proceduri specifice elementelor conform ICH Q3D(R2), solven\u021bii volatili sunt trata\u021bi prin gaz-cromatografie, iar orice nu elueaz\u0103 nu contribuie cu niciun pic. Caracterizarea complet\u0103 necesit\u0103 mai multe metode ortogonale.<\/p>\n<h2>Referin\u021be<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Q3A(R2)%20Guideline.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ICH, Impurities in New Drug Substances Q3A(R2), versiunea Step 4 din 25 octombrie 2006<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ICH_Q2(R2)_Guideline_2023_1130.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ICH, Validation of Analytical Procedures Q2(R2), versiunea final\u0103 adoptat\u0103 la 1 noiembrie 2023<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/ICH_Q3C(R9)_Guideline_MinorRevision_2024_2024_Approved.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ICH, Impurities: Guideline for Residual Solvents Q3C(R9), versiunea Step 4 din 24 ianuarie 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/database.ich.org\/sites\/default\/files\/Q3D-R2_Guideline_Step4_2022_0308.pdf\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">ICH, Guideline for Elemental Impurities Q3D(R2), adoptat la 26 aprilie 2022<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1475-2875-10-51\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Verbeken M. et al., Stability-indicating HPLC-DAD\/UV-ESI\/MS impurity profiling of the anti-malarial drug lumefantrine, Malaria Journal, 2011<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/molecules29091975\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Wan Y. et al., Purity Assessment of Tripropyl Phosphate through Mass Balance and 1H and 31P Quantitative Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Molecules, 2024<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.chroma.2007.10.111\" rel=\"nofollow noopener\" target=\"_blank\">Vervoort N., Daemen D., Torok G., Performance evaluation of evaporative light scattering detection and charged aerosol detection in reversed phase liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, 2008<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<p class=\"ns-disclaimer\"><strong>Numai pentru cercetare.<\/strong> Nonsensia furnizeaz\u0103 standarde de referin\u021b\u0103 analitice pentru aplica\u021bii de laborator \u0219i de cercetare. Acest articol este publicat \u00een scopuri \u0219tiin\u021bifice \u0219i educa\u021bionale. Nu constituie un sfat medical, nu descrie nicio utilizare la om \u0219i nimic din cuprinsul s\u0103u nu trebuie interpretat ca o recomandare de a administra vreo substan\u021b\u0103 unei persoane sau unui animal.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>O valoare de puritate HPLC este un raport al ariilor picurilor, nu un raport al maselor, iar cele dou\u0103 pot diverge \u00een oricare direc\u021bie. Iat\u0103 ce presupune aceast\u0103 valoare, ce exclude tacit \u0219i ce trebuie verificat pe un certificat \u00eenainte de a avea \u00eencredere \u00een el.<\/p>","protected":false},"author":517,"featured_media":11780,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[385],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-11738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-analytical-methods"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.9 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>What Does 99 Percent HPLC Purity Actually Mean?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Area normalisation, detector response factors and the impurities a chromatogram never shows. 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